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• • IKEA ( or; Swedish: ) is a Swedish-founded group, headquartered in the Netherlands, that designs and sells, kitchen appliances and home accessories. It has been the world's largest retailer since at least 2008. It was founded in in 1943 by then-17-year-old, who was listed by in 2015 as one of the ten richest people in the world, worth more than 40 billion dollars. The company's name is an that consists of the initials of Ingvar Kamprad (name of founder), Elmtaryd (the farm where he grew up), and (his hometown in, southern Sweden). The company is known for its designs for various types of appliances and furniture, and its work is often associated with an simplicity. In addition, the firm is known for its attention to cost control, operational details, and continuous product development, corporate attributes that allowed IKEA to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent over the decade to 2010 during a period of global expansion.

The IKEA group has a complex corporate structure, which the has alleged was designed to avoid over 1 billion in tax payments over the 2009-2014 period. It is controlled by several foundations based in, and. As of November 2017, IKEA owns and operates 411 stores in 49 countries. In fiscal year 2016, 36.4 billion worth of goods were sold, a total that represented a 7.6 percent increase over 2015. The IKEA website contains about 12,000 products and is the closest representation of the entire IKEA range. There were over 2.1 billion visitors to IKEA's websites in the year from September 2015 to August 2016. The company is responsible for approximately 1% of world commercial-product wood consumption, making it one of the largest users of wood in the retail sector.

Most of Ikea's stores and factories are owned by INGKA, a holding company that in turn is controlled by the, one of the 40 wealthiest foundations in the world. IKEA in, Greece Furniture [ ] Rather than being sold pre-assembled, much of IKEA's furniture is designed to be. The company claims that this helps reduce costs and use of packaging by not shipping air; the volume of a bookcase, for example, is considerably less if it is shipped unassembled rather than assembled.

This is also more practical for customers using public transport, because flat packs can be more easily carried. IKEA contends that it has been a pioneering force in to. Kamprad calls this 'democratic design,' meaning that the company applies an integrated approach to and design (see also ). In response to the and material expectations in the 20th and 21st centuries, the company implements, capturing material streams and creating that hold costs and resource use down, such as the extensive use of ('MDF'), also called 'particle board.'

It is an engineered glued under heat and pressure to create a building material of superior strength which is resistant to warp. IKEA uses cabinet-grade and furniture-grade MDF in all of its MDF products, such as PAX wardrobes and kitchen cupboards.

IKEA also uses wood, plastic, and other materials for furniture and other products. The intended result is flexible, adaptable home furnishings, scalable both to smaller homes and dwellings as well as large houses.

Not all furniture is stocked at the store level, such as particular sofa colours needing to be shipped from a warehouse to the customer's home (for a delivery charge). The item can also be shipped from the warehouse to the store. Some stores charge an extra fee for this service, but not all.

[ ] Notable items of IKEA furniture include the armchair, the bookcase and the sofa, all of which have sold by the tens of millions since the late 1970s. Houses and flats [ ] IKEA has also expanded its product base to include flat-pack houses and apartments, in an effort to cut prices involved in a first-time buyer's home. (This practice is not new; the defunct Canadian retailer Eaton's sold houses in a similar fashion), The IKEA product, named BoKlok was launched in Sweden in 1996 in a joint venture with. Now working in the Nordic countries and in the UK, sites confirmed in England include,,,, and. Solar PV systems [ ] At the end of September 2013, the company announced that solar panel packages, so-called 'residential kits', for houses will be sold at 17 UK stores by mid-2014. The decision followed a successful pilot project at the Lakeside IKEA store, whereby one was sold almost every day.

The solar are manufactured by, a German-based subsidiary of the Chinese company. By the end of 2014, IKEA began to sell Solibro's solar residential kits in the and in. In November 2015 IKEA ended its contract with and in April 2016 started working with IKEA announced in April 2016, that it was doing a second attempt with SolarCity to sell solar panels in the United Kingdom. It allows users to be able to order them online and starting with three stores and by the end of summer available in all United Kingdom stores. Retail shopping centres [ ] IKEA owns and operates the chain in Russia.

Family Mobile [ ]. Main article: IKEA publishes an annual, first published in Swedish in 1951. IKEA published 197 million catalogues in 2010, in twenty languages and sixty-one editions.

It is considered to be the main marketing tool of the retail giant, consuming 70% of the company's annual marketing budget. The catalogue is distributed both in stores and by mail, with most of it being produced by IKEA Communications AB in IKEA's hometown of, Sweden where IKEA operates the largest photo studio in northern Europe at 8,000 square metres (86,000 sq ft). The catalogue itself is printed on chlorine-free paper of 10–15% post-consumer waste, and prints approximately 175 million copies worldwide annually, more than 3 times as much as the.

The 2013 catalogue is smartphone compatible, containing videos and photo galleries that can be accessed via an app by scanning the catalogue's pages, while the 2014 catalog incorporates an augmented reality app that projects an item into a real-time photograph image of the user's room. The augmented reality app also provides an indication of the scale of IKEA objects in relation to the user's living environment. IKEA Family card [ ]. IKEA Family card, issued in Canada, ca. 2012 In common with some other retailers, IKEA launched a called 'IKEA family'. The card is free of charge and can be used to obtain discounts on a special range of products found in each IKEA store. It is available worldwide.

In conjunction with the card, IKEA also publishes and sells a printed quarterly magazine titled IKEA Family Live which supplements the card and catalogue. The magazine is already printed in thirteen languages and an English edition for the United Kingdom was launched in February 2007. It is expected to have a subscription of over 500,000.

IKEA Family, like other loyalty programs, allows members to obtain lower prices on certain items. Its signature difference from other such programs is that it allows for free or (from Monday to Friday at most locations) at the IKEA restaurant. IKEA Place App for iOS 11 [ ] In September 12, 2017, IKEA announced the augmented reality app “IKEA Place” following by Apple’s release of new ARkit technology and. IKEA Place helps consumers to visualize true to scale IKEA products into real environment. Corporate structure [ ]. IKEA Concept Center - The head office of Inter IKEA Systems B.V. Which owns the IKEA trademark and concept IKEA is owned and operated by a complicated array of and corporations.

The corporate structure is divided into two main parts: operations and franchising. The ownership of Inter ms is exceedingly complicated and not publicly known. Inter IKEA Systems is owned by Inter IKEA Holding, a company registered in Luxembourg.

The Inter IKEA Holding, in turn, is owned by the Interogo Foundation, based in Liechtenstein. In 2016, the INGKA Holding sold its design, manufacturing and logistics subsidiaries to the Inter IKEA Holding. In June 2013, Ingvar Kamprad resigned from the board of Inter IKEA Holding SA and his youngest son Mathias Kamprad replaced Per Ludvigsson as the chairman of the holding company. Following his decision to step down, the 87-year-old founder explained, 'I see this as a good time for me to leave the board of Inter IKEA Group. By that we are also taking another step in the generation shift that has been ongoing for some years.' After the 2016 company restructure, Inter IKEA Holding SA no longer exists. Mathias Kamprad became board member of the Inter IKEA Group and the Interogo Foundation.

Mathias and his two older brothers, who also have leadership roles at IKEA, work on the corporation's overall vision and long-term strategy. IKEA store in, The net profit of IKEA Group (which does not include Inter IKEA systems) in fiscal year 2009 (after paying franchise fees to Inter IKEA systems) was €2.538 billion on sales of €21.846 billion.

Because INGKA Holding is owned by the nonprofit INGKA Foundation, none of this profit is taxed. The foundation's nonprofit status also means that the Kamprad family cannot reap these profits directly, but the Kamprads do collect a portion of IKEA sales profits through the franchising relationship between INGKA Holding and Inter IKEA Systems. Inter IKEA Systems collected €631 million of in 2004, but reported pre-tax profits of only €225 million in 2004. One of the major pre-tax expenses that Inter IKEA systems reported was €590 million of 'other operating charges'. IKEA has refused to explain these charges, but Inter IKEA Systems appears to make large payments to I.I. Holding, another Luxembourg-registered group that, according to, 'is almost certain to be controlled by the Kamprad family.' Holding made a profit of €328 million in 2004.

In 2004, the Inter IKEA group of companies and I.I. Holding reported combined profits of €553m and paid €19m in taxes, or approximately 3.5 percent. In 2013 the Daily Mail media publication reported that the IKEA subsidiary Swedwood had grown between 20-30% per year since its inception in 1991., a non-profit organisation in that promotes corporate responsibility, has formally criticised IKEA for its tax avoidance strategies. In 2007, the Berne Declaration nominated IKEA for one of its Public Eye 'awards', which highlight corporate irresponsibility and are announced during the in, Switzerland. In a company statement emailed on 14 October 2013, IKEA's full-year sales rose 3.1 percent due in part to growth in Russia and China. IKEA's revenue total rose to US$37.9 billion (27.9 billion euros), with significant growth also recorded in North America. In February 2016, the group in the issued a report entitled on the tax planning strategies of IKEA and their possible use to avoid tax in several European countries.

The report was sent to, the European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs, and, the, expressing the hope that it would be of use to them in their respective roles 'to advance the fight for tax justice in Europe.' Sales jumped 17 per cent to almost €132 million in the 12 months to the end of August 2015 Control by Kamprad [ ] Along with helping IKEA make non-taxable profit, IKEA's complicated corporate structure allows Kamprad to maintain tight control over the operations of INGKA Holding, and thus the operation of most IKEA stores. The INGKA Foundation's five-person executive committee is chaired by Kamprad. It appoints board of INGKA Holding, approves any changes to INGKA Holding's bylaws, and has the right to preempt new share issues. If a member of the executive committee quits or dies, the other four members appoint his or her replacement.

In Kamprad's absence the foundation's bylaws include specific provisions requiring it to continue operating the INGKA Holding group and specifying that shares can be sold only to another foundation with the same objectives as the INGKA Foundation. Charitable giving [ ] The is officially dedicated to promoting 'innovations in architecture and interior design.' The net worth of the foundation exceeded the net worth of the much better known (now the largest private foundation in the world) for a period.

However, most of the Group's profit is spent on investment; the foundation expects to spend €45 million on in 2010 (compare the Gates Foundation, which made gifts of more than $1.5 billion in 2005. ) IKEA is involved in several international charitable causes, particularly in partnership with, including: • In the wake of the, IKEA Australia agreed to match dollar for dollar co-workers' donations and donated all sales of the IKEA Blue Bag to the cause. • After the, IKEA gave 500,000 blankets to the relief effort in the region. • IKEA has provided furniture for over 100 'bridge schools' in.

• In the in China, IKEA Beijing sold an alligator toy for 40 (US$5.83, €3.70) with all income going to the children in the earthquake struck area. IKEA also supports to restore forests and reduce pollution. IKEA Social Initiative [ ] In September 2005, IKEA Social Initiative was formed to manage the company's social involvements on a global level. IKEA Social Initiative is headed by Marianne Barner.

Autodesk Maya 2015 Free Download Full Version With Crack on this page. The main partners of IKEA Social Initiative are and. On 23 February 2009, at the event in New York, announced that IKEA Social Initiative has become the agency's largest corporate partner, with total commitments of more than US$180 million.

Examples of involvements: • The IKEA Social Initiative contributes €1 to UNICEF and from each soft toy sold during the holiday seasons, raising a total of €16.7 million so far. In 2013, an IKEA soft toy,, created a storm and sold out in Hong Kong and in Southern China because it had been misnamed in Chinese. • The IKEA Social Initiative provided soft toys to children in Burma after. • Starting in June 2009, for every Sunnan solar-powered lamp sold in IKEA stores worldwide, IKEA Social Initiative will donate one Sunnan with the help of UNICEF. • In September 2011, the IKEA Foundation pledged to donate $62 million to help Somali refugees in. • According to, however, IKEA's charitable giving is meager, 'barely a rounding error in the foundation's assets.'

In 2009, Sweden's largest television station,, revealed that IKEA's money—the three per cent collection from each store—does not actually go to a charitable foundation in the Netherlands, as IKEA has said. Inter IKEA is owned by a foundation in, called Interogo, which has amassed $12 billion, and is controlled by the Kamprad family. Environmental performance [ ] After initial environmental issues like the highly publicized scandals in the early 1980s and 1992, IKEA took a proactive stance on environmental issues and tried to prevent future incidents through a variety of measures. In 1990, IKEA invited, founder of, to address its board of directors. Robert's system conditions for sustainability provided a to improving the company's environmental performance.

In 1990, IKEA adopted the Natural Step framework as the basis for its environmental plan. This led to the development of an Environmental Action Plan, which was adopted in 1992. The plan focused on structural change, allowing IKEA to 'maximize the impact of resources invested and reduce the energy necessary to address isolated issues.' The environmental measures taken include the following: • Replacing (PVC) in wallpapers, home textiles, shower curtains, lampshades and furniture—PVC has been eliminated from packaging and is being phased out in electric cables; • minimizing the use of in its products, including textiles; • eliminating acid-curing; • producing a model of chair (OGLA) made from 100%; • introducing a series of air-inflatable furniture products into the product line. Such products reduce the use of raw materials for framing and stuffing and reduce transportation weight and volume to about 15% of that of conventional furniture; • reducing the use of for metal surface treatment; • limiting the use of substances such as, lead,,, and; • using wood from responsibly managed forests that replant and maintain; • using only for flat packaging and 'pure' (non-mixed) materials for packaging to assist in recycling. • introducing rental bicycles with trailers for customers in Denmark. In 2000 IKEA introduced its code of conduct for suppliers, called the IKEA way of purchasing, shortened as IWAY.

Today IWAY is a totally integrated part of IKEA's purchasing model. IWAY covers social, safety and environmental questions. Today IKEA has around 60 IWAY auditors who perform hundreds of supplier audits every year. The main purpose with IWAY is to make sure that the IKEA suppliers follow the law in each country where they are based. Most IKEA suppliers fulfill the law today with exceptions for some special issues, one being excessive working hours in Asia, in countries such as China and India.

[ ] More recently, [ ] IKEA has stopped providing to customers, but offers for sale. The IKEA restaurants also only offer reusable plates, knives, forks, spoons, etc. Toilets in some IKEA WC-rooms have been outfitted with.

IKEA has recycling bins for (CFLs), energy saving bulbs and batteries. In 2001 IKEA was one of the first companies to operate its own cross-border goods trains through several countries in Europe. In August 2008, IKEA also announced that it had created IKEA GreenTech, a €50 million venture capital fund. Located in (a university town in Sweden), it will invest in 8–10 companies in the coming five years with focus on, alternative light sources, product materials, energy efficiency and water saving and purification. The aim is to commercialise green technologies for sale in IKEA stores within 3–4 years.

To make IKEA a more sustainable company, a product life cycle was created. For the idea stage, products should be flat-packed so that more items can be shipped at once; products should also be easier to dismantle and recycle.

Raw materials are used, and since wood and cotton are two of IKEA's most important manufacturing products, the company works with environmentally friendly forests and cotton, whereby the excessive use of chemicals and water is avoided. Manufacturing is third in the life cycle and includes IWAY, IKEA's code of conduct for manufacturers and suppliers that formulates and enforces requirements for working conditions, social and environmental standards, and what suppliers can expect from IKEA in return. Marketing is another part of IKEA's life cycle and a portion of the paper used for its catalogues is sourced from responsibly managed forests. The catalogue is also smaller, so that less paper is required, less waste is produced and more catalogues can be shipped per load. [ ] IKEA stores recycle waste and many run on renewable energy with the use of energy-saving bulbs and sensors.

All employees are trained in environmental and social responsibility, while public transit is one of the priorities when the location of stores is considered. Also, the coffee and chocolate served at IKEA stores is. The last stage of the life cycle is the end of life. Most IKEA stores recycle light bulbs and drained batteries, and the company is also exploring the recycling of sofas and other home furnishing products. According to IKEA's 2012 'Sustainability Report', 23% of all wood that the company uses meets the standards of the, and the report states that IKEA aims to double this percentage by 2017. The report also states that IKEA does not accept illegally logged wood and supports 13 (WWF) projects.

On 17 February 2011, IKEA announced its plans to develop a wind farm in,, furthering its goal of using only renewable energy to fuel its operations. As of June 2012, [ ] 17 United States IKEA stores are powered by solar panels, with 22 additional installations in progress, and IKEA owns the 165 MW Cameron Wind farm in on the South Texas coast and a in Finland. In 2011, the company examined its wood consumption and noticed that almost half of its global pine and spruce consumption was for the fabrication of.

The company consequently started a transition to the use of paper pallets and the 'Optiledge system'. The OptiLedge product is totally recyclable, made from 100% virgin high-impact polypropylene (PP). The system is a 'unit load alternative to the use of a pallet. The system consists of the OptiLedge (usually used in pairs), aligned and strapped to the bottom carton to form a base layer upon which to stack more product.

Corner boards are used when strapping to minimize the potential for package compression.' The conversion began in Germany and Japan, before its introduction into the rest of Europe and North America.

A Noiva Do Reanimator Download Dublado here. The system has been marketed to other companies, and IKEA has formed the OptiLedge company to manage and sell the product. IKEA has expanded its sustainability plan in the UK to include electric car charge points for customers at all locations by the end of 2013. The effort will include and and promise to deliver an 80% charge in 30 minutes. In February 2014, IKEA in the UK announced that from 2016 they will only sell energy-efficient, lamps and light fixtures.

LED lightbulbs use as much as only 15% of the power of a regular. IKEA hope to have a 100% clean energy supply in all their firms come the year 2020. Criticisms [ ]. The of this section is. Relevant discussion may be found on the. Please do not remove this message until. (March 2014) () Negative media attention [ ] IKEA's goals of sustainability and environmental design in its merchandise have sometimes been at odds with the impact a new IKEA store can have on a community.

In particular, the size of proposed IKEA stores has often seen significant opposition from members of such communities. The following are a list of issues which have received negative media attention, both regarding the size of IKEA's stores and other controversies: • In September 2004, when IKEA offered a limited number of free $150 vouchers at the opening of a new store in, Saudi Arabia, three people were crushed to death in a stampede that followed the store's opening.

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